MONOCULTURE | A Recent History

Exhibition: MONOCULTURE | A Recent History

M HKA, Antwerpen

25 September 2020 - 25 April 2021

© M HKA

Artists include: Hannah Höch, Lovis Corinth, Karl Hofer, George Grosz, Carol Rama, Werner Peiner, Belgian Institute for World Affairs, Joseph Beuys, Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Åsa Sonjasdotter, Andy Warhol, Nicole, Hüseyin Bahri Alptekin, Haseeb Ahmed, Sven Augustijnen, Candida Höfer, Papa Ibra Tall, Maryam Najd, David Blandy, Oxana Shachko, Matti Braun, Jos de Gruyter & Harald Thys, Luc Deleu, Jimmie Durham, Catherine Opie, Charlotte Posenenske, Public Movement, Philip Guston, Mladen Stilinović, N. S. Harsha, Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, Rasheed Araeen, Ibrahim Mahama, Kerry James Marshall, Vincent Meessen, Renzo Martens/CATPC, Danny Matthys, Jonas Staal, Sille Storihle, Makhmut Usmanovich Usmanov, Nicoline van Harskamp, Dimitri Venkov, Plus artefacts from several cultural archives: the Arthur Langerman Archives for Research into Visual Anti-Semitism (ALAVA), and the cultural archives of Flanders: AMSAB – Institute for Social History; the Liberal Archive; KADOC Documentation and Research Centre on Religion, Culture and Society; and ADVN – Archive and Research Centre for Flemish Nationalism.

The exhibition MONOCULTURE – A Recent History begins from the principle that any understanding of ‘multiculture’, should necessitate an investigation of ‘monoculture’. The societal understanding of monoculture can be defined as the homogeneous expression of the culture of a single social or ethnic group. The project seeks to approach the notion of monoculture with an open mind. It will thus aim for an analysis of, rather than an antithesis to, monoculture, approaching it not only from historical, social, cultural and ideological perspectives, but also philosophical, linguistic and agricultural ones. MONOCULTURE will provide a tentative mapping, allowing for a comparative analysis of different manifestations of monoculture, as well as their reflections in art and propaganda, seeking to draw some conclusions that might be relevant for society and culture at large.

The project will set out some core questions, including: What might we mean by monoculture? What is the impetus for ‘identitarian’ or nationalistic monoculture movements who do not see, or wish, their society to be pluralistic, not just in the context of Europe but globally? Might we locate positive or even emancipatory aspirations of monoculture? Might a culturally homogeneous society also be inclusive and transformational? What lies at the fringes of monoculture, and what does it not tolerate? What may be the position of the arts within the context of monocultural ideology? Or alternatively, how might the arts look under monocultural ideology when taken to its logical conclusion? Looking at the recent relevant part through to the present day, the project will aim to address such challenging questions, beyond the tendencies and bias of liberal ‘groupthink’, as a way to consider notions of culture in a different way to established lenses such as identity politics or post-modern relativism.

MONOCULTURE will formulate exploratory constellations of art, ideas and propaganda. Alongside various examples of official culture sanctioned by nation states, one of the most striking historical demonstrations of ideological monoculture in the cultural field was through the infamous 1937 ‘Entartete Kunst’ (‘Degenerate Art’) exhibition staged in Nazi Germany. Holding up the modernist avant-garde as an aberration, Nazism sought instead a decidedly unambiguous ethno-centric conception of culture inspired by a Greco-Roman imaginary. Yet monocultural conceptions of culture might also be formed through emancipatory imperatives. Some argue that a post-colonial movement such as Négritude in Senegal for example as having implemented a form of cultural homogeneity. These will be among the many case studies for exploring different trajectories and intersections of monoculture, particularly their articulation in art and ideology, from the early-20th century to the present moment.

MONOCULTURE – A Recent History is part of ‘Our Many Europes’, a project of the confederation ‘L’Internationale’.

Exhibition curated by Nav Haq, Associate Director, M HKA

The conference Considering Monoculture was co-organised by deBuren, M HKA and Van Abbemuseum took place at deBuren, Brussels, on 27 and 28 February.

Two publications accompany the exhibition: MONOCULTURE – A Recent History, exhibition catalogue published by M HKA, and The Aesthetics of Ambiguity – Understanding and Addressing Monoculture, co-edited by Pascal Gielen and Nav Haq, published by Valiz as part of the Antennae – Arts in Society series.

About the ‘L’Internationale’ confederation:

L'Internationale is a confederation of seven modern and contemporary art institutions. L'Internationale proposes a space for art within a non-hierarchical and decentralised internationalism, based on the values of difference and horizontal exchange among a constellation of cultural agents, locally rooted and globally connected. It brings together seven major European art institutions: Moderna galerija (MG+MSUM, Ljubljana, Slovenia); Museo Reina Sofía (Madrid, Spain); MACBA, Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona (Spain); Museum van Hedendaagse Kunst Antwerpen (M HKA, Antwerp, Belgium); Muzeum Sztuki Nowoczesnej w Warszawie (Warsaw, Poland), SALT (Istanbul and Ankara, Turkey) and Van Abbemuseum (VAM, Eindhoven, the Netherlands). L'Internationale works with complementary partners such as HDK-Valand Academy of Art and Design (HDK-Valand, Gothenburg, Sweden) and the National College of Art and Design (NCAD, Dublin, Ireland) and together with them is presenting the programme "Our Many Europes".

About ‘Our Many Europes’.

Our Many Europes is a four-year programme (2018–22) comprising exhibitions, public programming, heritage exchange and institutional experimentation, organised by the European museum confederation "L'Internationale" and its partners, and co-funded by the Creative Europe Programme of the European Union. The programme takes the 1990s as a starting point when our current Europe was born. It aims to think speculatively about the role of culture as a driving force in showing who and how we are in the world.

In the press:

"Every single room of this amazing exhibition functions in a similar way, though with its own specificity: Mapping underlying ideological dichotomies through the combination of the works, the lighting, and the architecture, the juxtapositions show unexpected nuances, sketching an incredibly dense and accurate portrait of our times, accounting for their inner complexities. Presenting the works of forty-two artists next to some famous, controversial, or underestimated theoretical books, magazines, and exhibition catalogues (by the likes of Benedict Anderson, Simone de Beauvoir, G. K. Chesterton, and Friedrich Nietzsche) and improbable but revealing items (A Record from Ronald Reagan to All Californians, distributed for his 1966 gubernatorial campaign), this exhibition is as intense as a whole biennial, while occupying only one level of the museum: a rare stroke of genius." - Yoann Van Parys, ARTFORUM

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Media

WorksShow artists

> Jardin d'Acclimatation. Village Achanti − Joueurs Indigènes − Le Coiffeur. Paris, 1887, 1887. Postcard, collotype, 14 x 9 cm.

> Friederich Nietzsche, Friedrich Nietzsche, Jenseits von Gut und Böse. Zur Genealogie der Moral, 1896. Book, 3,2 x 16 x 23,3 cm.

> Guide de la Section de L'Etat Indépendant du Congo à l'Exposition de Bruxelles − Tervuren, 1897. Book, 16,3 x 24,5 x 3,3 cm.

> L. Zamenhof, "Ekzercaro de la lingvo internacia 'Esperanto", 1898. Book, book.

No image

> Wilhelm Schallmayer, "Vererbung und Auslese im Lebenslauf der Völker. Eine Staatswissenschaftliche Studie auf Grund der Neueren Biologie", 1903. Book, paper, ink, 16.9 x 23.9 x 2.2 cm.

No image

> Archiv für Rassen- und Gesellschafts Hygiene, 1904. Book, paper, ink, 17.3 x 24.5 cm.

> Henri Bergson, "L'évolution créatrice", 1907. Book, 14,3 x 22,7 cm.

> Exposition Coloniale: Chef Foulah (Guinée), 1907, 1907. Postcard, postcard, 9 x 14 cm.

> Exposition Coloniale: Idole Cambodgienne, 1907, 1907. Postcard, 9 x 14 cm.

> Exposition Coloniale: Caïma et Type Berbères, 1907, 1907. Postcard, postcard, 14 x 9 cm.

> Postcard Exposition Coloniale. Village Congolais (France, 1907), 1907. Postcard, postcard, 14 x 9 cm.

> Les Gallas au Jardin Zoologique d'Acclimatation, 1908, 1908. Postcard, 9 x 14 cm.

> Carl Hagenbeck's Tierpark, Stellingen-Hamburg. Singhalesentruppe des Ceylindorfes, 1908. Postcard, postcard, 14 x 9 cm.

> James Shaver Woodsworth, Strangers Within Our Gates: Or Coming Canadians, 1909. Book, ink, paper.

> Francis Galton, Essays in Eugenics, 1909. Book, ink, paper, 12 x 18.3 x 1.2 cm.

> Exposition Universelle de Bruxelles de 1910. Village Sénégalais. Jeunes Femmes et Jeunes Filles, 1910. Postcard, collotype, 9 x 14 cm.

> Carl Hagenbeck's Grosse Schaustellung "Indien", 1910. Postcard, postcard, 14 x 9 cm.

> Carl Hagenbeck's Grosse Schaustellung "Indien" , 1910. Postcard, postcard, 14 x 9 cm.

> Carl Hagenbeck, Stellingen-Hamburg Tierpark, Circus, Völkerschau, 1910. Other, postcard, 14 x 9 cm.

> Kongresa Parolado ce la malfermo de la Sesa Universala Kongreso de Esperanto en Washington la 15 - an de augusto en 1910-a, 1910. Leaflet, paper, 15.5 x 11.8 cm.

No image

> Eugen Fischer, "Die Rehobother Bastards und das Bastardierungsproblem beim Menschen. Anthropologische und ethnographische Studien am Rehobother Bastardvolk in Deutsch-Sudwest-Africa", 1913. Book, paper, ink, 18 x 25.5 x 3.4 cm.

> Karl Marx, "Das Kapital. Kritik der politischen Ökonomie", 1914. Book, paper, ink, 22 x 16 x 3.8 cm.

> Madison Grant, The Passing of the Great Race: or, the Racial Basis of European History, 1916. Book, ink, paper, 26 x 23 x 3 cm.

> Lothrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Against White-World Supremacy, 1920. Book, ink, paper, 14.5 x 21 x 4 cm.

> Leo Frobenius, "Paideuma. Umrisse einer Kultur- und Seelenlehre", 1921. Book, 28,5 x 20,8 cm.

> Sigmund Freud, Massenpsychologie und Ich - Analyse, 1921. Book, 21 x 14,5 cm.

> Wilhelm Worringer, Abstraktion und Einfühlung. Ein Beitrag zur Stilpsychologie, 1921. Book, 21,5 x 14 x 1,5 cm.

> G.K. Chesterton, Eugenics and Other Evils, 1922. Book, ink, paper, 14.5 x 20.7 x 3.6 cm.

> Hans Prinzhorn, Bildnerei der Geisteskranken: ein Beitrag zur Psychologie und Psychopathologie der Gestaltung, 1923. Book.

> Hannah Höch, Mischling (Mixed Race), 1924. Collage, 11 x 8.2 cm.

> Lovis Corinth, Georg Brandes, 1925. Painting.

> Hans F. K. Günther, Rassenkunde Europas, 1926. Book, paper, ink, 16.2 x 22.9 x 16 cm.

No image

> Erwin Baur, Eugen Fischer, Fritz Lens, "Menschliche Erblichkeitslehre und Rassenhygiene", 1927. Book, paper, ink, 17.5 x 23.5 x 4.3 cm.

> Eugen Fischer, Hans F.K. Günther, "Deutsche Köpfe Nordischer Rasse", 1927. Book, paper, ink, 12.4 x 19 cm.

> New Turkic Alphabet, 1929. Periodical, 30.5 x 22.5 cm.

> La Nova Epoko, 1929-1930. Periodical, book, 22.5 x 15 cm.

> Friederich Nietzsche, Friedrich Nietzsche, Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik, 1930. Book, 15,5 x 10,3 cm.

> Portrait of Gorky / Cover of Krasnaya Niva Magazine, 1930. Periodical.

> Livre d'Or de L'Exposition Internationale Coloniale, Maritime et d'Art Flamand, Anvers 1930, 1930. Book, 16 x 23,9 .

> Règlement Général. Exposition Internationale Coloniale, Maritime et d'Art Flamand, Anvers 1930, 1930. Book, 15,8 x 23,7 x 0,9 cm.

> Rapport Général. Exposition Internationale Coloniale, Maritime et d'Art Flamand, Anvers 1930, 1930. Book, 16,3 x 24,7 x 3,3 cm.

> Palais du Congo Belge Guide Officiel. Exposition Internationale Coloniale, Maritime et d'Art Flamand, Anvers 1930, 1930. Book, 13,3 x 20,2 x 0,9 cm.

> Règlement Général. Exposition Internationale Coloniale, Maritime et d'Art Flamand, Anvers 1930, 1930. Leaflet.

> Exposition Internationale Coloniale, Maritime et d'Art Flamand, Anvers 1930, 1930. Book, paper, 22,2 x 28,2 x 0,5 cm.

> Manuel de L'Exposition Coloniale Internationale, Paris 1931, 1931. Book, book, 13,4 x 21 x 0,5 cm.

> La Sankta Biblio (The Holy Bible), 1931. Book, book, 19 x 13.5 x 3 cm.

> Leo Frobenius, "Kulturgeschichte Afrikas", 1933. Book, 14,3 x 21,7 x 6,3 cm.

> Anatoly Lunacharsky, "Socialist Realism", 1933. Article, 29.5 x 21 cm.

> Osip Beskin, "Formalism in Painting", 1933. Article, magazine, 25 x 18 x 1.5 cm.

> 15 years of Artists of the RSFSR (1917 - 1932), 1933. Book, 17.5 x 12.5 cm.

> Revolution and Nationalities, 1933. Periodical, 17.7 x 25 cm.

> Verbatim Record of the Speeches at the First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers, 1934. Book, 26.5 x 18 x 3.5 cm.

> Mikhail Sholokhov, "Virgin Soil Upturned", 1935. Book, 20.5 x 14.5 x 5cm.

> Nikolai Ostrovsky, "How the Steel was Tempered", 1935. Book, 17.5 x 13 x 2.5 cm.

> Das Wunder des Lebens, 1935. Book, ink, paper, 21 x 20 cm.

> Aus der Austellung Das Wunder des Lebens Berlin 1935, 1935. Postcard, 14 x 9 cm.

> Der glaeserne Mensch, 1935. Postcard, postcard, 9 x 14 cm.

> Circus, 1936. Postcard, 14.2 x 9.4 cm.

> Osip Beskin, "The Place of Art in the Soviet Union", 1936. Book, 23.5 x 15.5 cm.

> Wunder des Lebens, 1936. Book, ink, paper, 22.5 x 30.5 cm.

> Carol Rama, Teatrino N. 2, 1937. Drawing, watercolour on paper, 13.8 x 23 cm.

> Wolfgang Willrich, "Säuberung des Kunsttempels. Eine kunstpolitische Kampfschrift zur Gesundung deutscher Kunst im Geiste nordischer Art", 1937. Book, paper, ink, 16 x 22.9 x 1.8 cm.

> Führer durch die Ausstellung Entartete Kunst, 1937. Object, paper, ink, 14.8 x 21 cm.

> Grosse Deutsche Kunstaustellung, 1937. Book, paper, ink, 14.8 x 21 x 1 cm.

> Der Ewige Jude, 1938. Book, paper, ink, 25 x 17 x 0.5 cm.

> Dr. Adolf Dresler, "Deutsche Kunst und entartete "Kunst": Kunstwerk und Zerrbild als Spiegel der Weltanschauung", 1938. Book, paper, ink, 15.4 x 20.5 x 0.8 cm.

> Entartete Musik, 1938. Poster.

> Mitteilungen für die Landwirtschaft, no. 43, October 1938, 1938. Other, paper, ink, 23 x 30.4 cm.

> Carol Rama, Appassionata (Corso Francia 179 1930-1931), 1939. Drawing, watercolour on paper, 29 x 23 cm.

> Werner Peiner, Der Thronhimmel , 1939-1940. Drawing, watercolour, 128 x 91 x 10 cm.

> Carol Rama, Le Palette (brevetto n. 7689R), 1940. Painting, watercolour on paper, 14 x 26 cm.

> Carol Rama, Appassionata (I due pini), 1940. Painting, watercolour on paper, 33,5 x 24 cm .

> Adolf Hitler, "Mein Kampf", 1940. Book, paper, ink, 11.8 x 16.9 x 2 cm.

> Op die Horison. Kwartaalblad van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk in Suid-Afrika, 1940-1970. Periodical, ink, paper, 15.5 x 24.1 x 0.3 cm.

> Jarlibro de Internacia Esperanto-Ligo 6 editions, 1940. Book, book, 15.3 x 11.3 cm.

> Carol Rama, Appassionata, 1941. Drawing, watercolour on paper, 18.5 x 23.6 cm.

> Höhere Landbauschule Kassel-Wolfsganger Aufnahmeunterlagen, 1942. Other, paper, ink, 21 x 29.8 cm.

> Paul Schultze-Naumburg, "Kunst und Rasse" , 1942. Book, paper, ink, 16 x 23 x 1,5 cm .

> Ayn Rand, "The Fountainhead", 1943. Book, 14,5 x 21 x 4 cm.

No image

> F.K. Günther, Kleine Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes, 1943. Book, paper, ink, 13 x 20 cm.

> Eugen Fischer, Gerhard Kittel, Das Antike Weltjudentum: Tatscachen, Texte, Bilder, 1943. Book, paper, ink, 17.3 x 25 x 2.2 cm.

> Carol Rama, Proibito, 1944. Drawing, watercolour on paper, 10.5 x 14 cm.

> Carol Rama, Dorina, 1944. Drawing, watercolour on paper, 9.5 x 25 cm.

> Wissenschaft und Freiheit, 1945. Book, paper, ink.

> L.G. Damas, ed., "Latitudes Françaises Volume I: Poètes d'Expression Française [d'Afrique Noire, Madagascar, Réunion, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Indochine, Guyane] 1900 - 1945, 1947. Book, 19,2 x 14,2 x 2,2 cm.

> Simone de Beauvoir, Pour une Morale de l'Ambiguïté, 1947. Book, 18.5 x 12 cm.

> V. Kemenov, "Aspects of Two Cultures", 1947. Periodical.

> L. S. Senghor, ed., "Anthologie de la Nouvelle Poésie Nègre et Malgache de Langue Française, Précédée de Orphée Noir par Jean-Paul Sartre", 1948. Book, 22,5 x 14,5 x 2,2 cm.

> The Universal Declaration of Human Rights approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations in Paris on 10 December, 1948, 1948. Other, paper, 24 x 15 cm.

> Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, 1948. Book, paper, ink.

> Gabriel d'Arboussier, "Une Dangereuse Mystification: La Théorie de la Négritude", 1949. Periodical, 28 x 19,3 cm.

> The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its Predecessors (1679 - 1948), 1949. Book, book, 19,8 x 14 x 1 cm.

> Makhmut Usmanovich Usmanov, Oilfields in Kazakhstan, 1950. Painting.

> Theodor W. Adorno, Else Frenkel-Brunswik, Daniel J.Levinson, "The Authoritarian Personality", 1950. Book, 16,3 x 24 x 4,5 cm.

> Karl R. Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies, 1950. Book, paper, ink, 16 x 24 x 5 cm.

> Else Frenkel-Brunswik, Personality Theory and Perception, 1951. Book, 15,5 x 22,8 x 3,5 cm.

> Maxwell Fry, Jane Drew, "Tropical Architecture in the Humid Zone", 1951. Book, paper, ink, 20.5 x 13 x 1 cm.

> Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 1951. Book, paper, ink, 24.2 x 16 x 3.3 cm.

> Laeeq and Zafar Futehall, "Achievements and Objectives of Free Societies", 1951. Leaflet, paper, ink.

> M.R. Masani, "Neutralism in India", 1951. Leaflet, paper, ink.

> E. Maxwell Fry, "African Experiment - Building for an Educational Programme in the Gold Coast", 1953. Book, paper, ink, 24.8 x 30.5 cm.

> Village Housing in the Tropics, with special reference to West Africa, 1953. Book, paper, ink, 20.5 x 13 x 1 cm.

> Alfred C. Kinsey, Wardell B. Pomeroy, Clyde E. Martin en Paul H. Gebhard, "Sexual Behavior in the Human Female", 1953. Book, paper, ink.

> Encounter (Vol. 1, no. 2, November 1953), 1953. Periodical, ink, paper.

> Encounter (Vol. 1, no. 1, October 1953), 1953. Periodical, paper, ink.

> Else Frenkel-Brunswik, Environmental Controls and the Impoverishment of Thought, 1954. Book, 14,7 x 21,5 x 3 cm.

> Ido Postcard, 1954. Other, postcard, 10 x 15 cm.

> The Family of Man exhibition poster, 1955. Poster, the family of man exhibition poster, 1955. designed by müller-blase, 84 x 59,5 cm.

> Paris Match, "Conference de Bandung", 1955. Periodical, 34.5 x 26 cm.

> Delegates assemble for Asian-African Conference at Bandung, 1955. Photography.

> The Family of Man, 1955. Poster, paper, ink.

> documenta. Kunst des XX. Jarhunderts. Internationale Ausstellung, 1955. Book, ink, paper, 18.3 x 21.6 x 1.7 cm.

> Richard Wright, "The Color Curtain: A Report on the Bandung Conference", 1956. Book, 14.5 x 21.5 x 2.2 cm.

> Cultural Freedom in Asia. The proceedings of a conference held at Ragoon, Burma, on February 17-20, 1955, and convened by the Congress for Cultural Freedom and the Society for the Extension of Democratic Ideals, 1956. Leaflet, paper, ink.

> La Charte D'Athènes, 1957. Book, paper, ink, 21 x 21 cm.

> Karl R. Popper, The Poverty of Historicism, 1957. Book, paper, ink, 22 x 14.2 x 2.1 cm.

> The US Pavilion Guide, 1958. Leaflet, paper, 17,8 x 24,9 x 0,5 cm.

> The US Pavilion, 1958. Leaflet, booklet, 23,7 x 17,3 cm.

> The USSR Pavilion, 1958. Leaflet, brochure, 11 x 22 cm (open: 42,8 x 26,7 cm).

> The USSR Pavilion, 1958. Leaflet, brochure, 11,5 x 22,6 cm (open: 44 x 57 cm).

> The USSR Pavilion, 1958. Leaflet, brochure, 11 x 29 cm (open: 44 x 29 cm).

> Public Health in Belgian Africa, 1958. Leaflet, brochure, 15,5 x 24 cm.

> Art in the Congo, 1958. Book, book, 19,2 x 25 x 0,6 cm.

> De Reis Rond de Wereld, 1958. Leaflet, paper, 13,5 x 19,3 cl.

> V. Lalayants and G. Arkadiev, "Set van postkaarten gebaseerd op de animatiefilm Чудесница (Chudesnitsa)", 1959. Postcard.

> LIFE, 1959. Periodical.

> II. documenta. Kunst nach 1945. Internationale Ausstellung, 1959. Book, ink, paper, 22 x 22.3 cm.

> Nicole , Untitled, 1960. Drawing, paint on canvas.

> Corn - The Queen of the Fields, 1960. Other, postcard.

> Yuri Dmitiev, "Art at the International Exhibition in Brussels", 1960. Book, book, 21,7 x 17 x 1,3 cm.

> Rewi Alley, "3 Conferences: Cairo, New Delhi, Bandung", 1961. Book.

> Theodora Kroeber, "Ishi in Two Worlds: A Biography of the Last Wild Indian in North America", 1961. Book, paper, ink, 2.7 x 15.7 x 23.7 cm.

> Race and Reason; a Yankee Review, 1961. Book, ink, paper, 15.2 x 22.9 x 1 cm.

> Ayn Rand, Nathaniel Branden ed., "Objectivist Newsletter", 1962. Periodical, 24,3 x 29 cm.

> For Great Corn!, 1962. Poster, 95 x 59 cm.

> Two Universities. An Account of the Life and Work of Lumumba Friendship University and Moscow State University, 1963. Leaflet.

> L. S. Senghor, "Liberté 1: Négritude et humanisme", 1964. Book, 20,5 x 14 x 2,5 cm.

> Ayn Rand, "The Virtue of Selfishness", 1964. Book, 10,5 x 17,8 cm.

> Censorship: a Quarterly Report on Censorship of Ideas and the Arts (no. 1, Autumn 1964), 1964. Periodical, paper, ink.

> Rendezvous With Destiny (Ronald Reagan), 1964. Other, vinyl, lp, 32.2 x 32.3 cm.

> Andy Warhol, Birmingham Race Riot, 1964. Print, screenprint on paper.

> Ayn Rand, "The New Fascism: Rule By Consensus", 1965. Other, vinyl, lp, 31,5 x 31,5 cm .

> Censorship: a Quarterly Report on Censorship of Ideas and the Arts (no. 1, Summer 1965), 1965. Periodical, ink, paper.

> Censorship: a Quarterly Report on Censorship of Ideas and the Arts (no. 2, Spring 1965), 1965. Leaflet, paper, ink.

> L'art nègre: Sources, Evolution, Expansion. Exposition organisée au Musée dynamique à Dakar par le commissariat du festival mondial des Arts nègres et au Grand Palais à Paris par la Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 1966. Book, 20,5 x 16 x 1 cm.

> Premier Festival Mondial des Arts Nègres, 1966. Other, 28 x 17,5 x 1,2 cm.

> L'Art Nègre. Dakar-Paris, 1966. Poster.

> 1er Festival Mondial des Arts Nègres, 1966. Other, vinyl, lp, 31,5 x 31,5 cm .

> Tricontinental: First Solidarity Conference of the Peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America, 1966. Book, 20 x 26.8 x 1.5 cm.

> Ayn Rand, "Ethics In Education", 1966. Other, vinyl, lp, 31,5 x 31,5 cm .

> Ayn Rand, "Our Cultural Value-deprivation", 1966. Other, vinyl, lp, 31,5 x 31,5 cm.

> A Record from Ronald Reagan To All Californians (Ronald Reagan), 1966. Other, "7 vinyl, lp, 20 x 14 cm.

> Tricontinental, 1967-1969. Periodical.

> Ayn Rand, "The Wreckage of the Consensus", 1967. Other, vinyl, lp, 31,5 x 31,5 cm.

> Ayn Rand, "Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal", 1967. Book, 10,6 x 17,8 x 2 cm.

> Desmond Morris, "The Naked Ape: A Zoologist's Study of the Human Animal", 1967. Book, paper, ink, 23 x 15.5 x 2.8 cm.

> Ronald Reagan, "Freedom's Finest Hour", 1967. Other, vinyl, lp, 31.4 x 31.4 cm.

> Rasheed Araeen, Nine, 1968. Sculpture.

> Philip Guston, Law, 1968. Painting, acrylic on panel, 76 x 81 cm.

> Joseph Beuys, Intuition, 1968. Object, wooden box, pencil (signed), 30 x 20 x 6 cm.

> Kenneth Clark, "Civilisation: A Personal View", 1969. Book.

> Ursula K. Le Guin, "The Left Hand of Darkness", 1969. Book, 10,7 x 18 x 1,7 cm.

> Desmond Morris, "The Human Zoo", 1969. Book, paper, ink, 23 x 15.5 x 2.8 cm.

> Documents of the IXth Council of the Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organisation, Tripoli-Libya, 9-11 November 1970, 1970. Book, 13,5 x 19,6 x 1,2 cm.

> USSR postage stamps, 1970. Other, stamp, 4 x 3 cm.

> Progress through seperate development: South Africa in peaceful transition, 1970. Book, ink, paper, 13.3 x 20.2 x 1 cm.

> Ayn Rand, "The Ayn Rand Letter", 1971. Other, 28 x 29,5 x 7,5 cm.

> Ayn Rand ed., "The Objectivist", 1971. Periodical, 21,5 x 14 x 1,1 cm.

> Ursula K. Le Guin, "The Lathe of Heaven", 1971. Book, 14,5 x 21,6 x 2,3 cm.

> Joseph Beuys, Eurasienstab über den Alpen, 1971. Miscellaneum, ink on paper.

> Ways of Seeing, 1972. Book.

> Black Americans stay out of South Africa: a statement by Black Concern, 1972. Leaflet, ink, paper, 14 x 21.6 cm.

> Leo Frobenius, "1873/1973. Une Anthologie", 1973. Book, 16,2 x 23,5 x 2 cm.

> La Fabli dil Olda Korvo, 1973. Book, book, 21 x 15 cm.

> Joseph Beuys, COYOTE – I Like America and America Likes Me, 1974. Other.

> Ursula K. Le Guin, "The Dispossessed", 1974. Book, 10,5 x 17,6 x 2,3 cm.

> John Berger and Jean Mohr, "A Seventh Man: Migrant Workers in Europe", 1975. Book, 20,3 x 13,5 x 2,3 cm.

> First Time in Moscow, 1975. Book, 16 x 21 cm.

> The Fourth Meeting of the AAPSO Presidium: Brazzaville, People's Republic of Congo, July 27-30, 1976, 1976. Other, 17,5 x 24,2 x 0,8 cm.

> Ursula K. Le Guin, "The Word for World is Forest", 1976. Book, 14,5 x 21,2 x 2,5 cm.

> Ursula K. Le Guin, “Is Gender Necessary?", 1976. Book, 10,7 x 17,7 x 1,6 cm.

> Andy Warhol, from The American Indian series, 1976. Painting.

> Rasheed Araeen, Black Phoenix: Journal of Contemporary Art & Culture in the Third World, 1978-1979. Periodical.

> Andy Warhol, Marilyn Monroe (Marilyn) - Reversal Series, 1978. Print, screenprint on hmp paper, 79×59 cm .

> Rasheed Araeen, Oui, 1978. Other.

> Jean Raspail, "Le Camp des Saints", 1978. Book, paper, ink, 15.4 x 24 x 2 cm.

> Edward Said, "Orientalism", 1978. Book, paper, ink, 24 x 16.2 x 3.7 cm.

> Carl Sagan, "Murmurs of Earth: The Voyager Interstellar Record", 1978. Book, paper, ink.

> Human Events, Vol. XXXVIII, no. 1-52, 1978. Book, ink, paper, 28 x 35.5 x 6.5 cm.

> Jean-François Lyotard, "La Condition Postmoderne", 1979. Book, 21,9 x 13,2 x 0,9 cm.

> Candida Höfer, Türken in Deutschland 1979, 1979. Photography, slide projection with 80 colour slides.

> Danny Matthys, Vivre d'Abord [To Live, Above All], 1979. Photography, photo, paper, 71 x 129 cm, 115 x 135 cm, 74.5 x 122.5 cm.

> Julia Kristeva, Pouvoirs de l’Horreur. Essai sur l’Abjection, 1980. Book, 14 x 20,5 x 1,7 cm.

> Joseph Beuys, Joseph Beuys, "Unternehmensverband. Aufruf zur Alternative A3W FIU", 1980. Book, paper, ink, 24.2 x 16.3 cm.

> Non aux Oranges Outspan d'Afrique du Sud, 1980. Other, ink, paper.

> Hüseyin Bahri Alptekin, Global Digestion , 1980-2007. Print, digital prints mounted on forex, 145 x 935 cm (installation sizes), 9,5 x 15 cm (each).

> Luc Deleu, Schaal en Perspectief [Scale and Perspective], 1980. Sculpture, bristol cardboard, plastic, 80 x 80 x 80 cm.

> Luc Deleu, Schaal en Perspektief [Scale and Perspective], 1980. Drawing, ink, paper, 880 x 760 mm.

> Andy Warhol, Dollar Bill , 1981. Other.

> Laszlo Glozer, Westkunst - Zeitgenössische Kunst seit 1939, 1981. Book, ink, paper, 24.4 x 20 cm, 524 p, language : German, publisher : Museen der Stadt Köln/DuMont Buchverlag, Köln, ISBN : 3-7701-1292X.

> Andy Warhol, Dollar Sign (reprint 2013), 1982. Print, 4 silkscreen prints, 39.6×50.5 cm.

> Kim Il Sung, "On the Non-Aligned Movement", 1982. Book, 12,9 x 19 cm.

> Ronald Reagan Speaks to YAF Members And Supporters, 1982. Other, flexi-disc, 33 ⅓ rpm.

> Benedict Anderson, "Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism", 1983. Book, 13,4 x 20,2 x 1,2 cm.

> Luambo Makiadi et Le T.P.O.K. Jazz, "Candidat Na Biso Mobutu", 1984. Other, 12" vinyl, 31 x 31 cm.

> "Primitivism" in 20th Century Art: Affinity of the Tribal and the Modern, 1985. Book, ink, paper, 23.5 x 31.5 x 3 cm.

> Jimmie Durham, Tlunh Datsi, 1985. Sculpture, skull, feathers, turquoise, acrylic paint, shells, wood, 103 x 91 x 81 cm.

> Salman Rushdie, "The Satanic Verses", 1988. Book, 21 x 29.7 x 7 cm.

> Rasheed Araeen, The Other Story: Afro-Asian artists in Post-War Britain, 1989. Book.

> Judith Butler, "Gender Trouble", 1990. Book, 15 x 22,7 x 1,2 cm.

> Camille Paglia, "Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence From Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson", 1990. Book, paper, ink.

> The Decade Show: Frameworks of Identity in the 1980s, 1990. Book.

> James Davison Hunter, "Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America", 1991. Book, paper, ink, 16 x 24 x 3.5 cm.

> Francis Fukuyama, "The End of History and the Last Man", 1992. Book, paper, ink, 24 x 16 x 3 cm.

> Mladen Stilinović, An Artist Who Cannot Speak English is No Artist, 1992. Other.

> Catherine Opie, Portraits: Chloe / James / Pig Pen , 1993-1997. Photography.

> L. S. Senghor, "Liberté 5: Le Dialogue des Culture", 1993. Book, 14 x 20,5 cm.

> 1993 Whitney Biennial Exhibition, 1993. Book.

> Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Untitled (Nobody Owns Me), 1994. Multiple.

> Samuel P. Huntington, "The Clash of Civilisations and the Remaking of World Order", 1996. Book, paper, ink, 24 x 16.3 x 2.8 cm.

> Kerry James Marshall, Untitled, 1998-1999. Print, ink, paper, 12 x (250 x 122 cm).

> Kerry James Marshall, Untitled, 1999. Print, colored woodcut on paper, a.p. - out of 4 editions, 220 x 1545,6 cm (12 parts, each 250 x 128,3 cm).

> David Blandy, From the Underground, 2001. Video.

> Matti Braun, Bunta Garbo, 2002. Installation.

> Clifton and Karl Kroeber, "Ishi in Three Centuries", 2003. Book, paper, ink, 2.6 x 15.3 x 22.7 cm.

> Bat Ye'or, "Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis", 2005. Book, paper, ink, 22.9 x 15.3 x 2.3 cm.

> Vincent Meessen, The Intruder, 2005. Video.

> Dimitri Venkov, I wanted to be Happy in the USSR, 2007-2020. Video.

> N S Harsha, Sensual, 2007. Installation.

> Matti Braun, Pierre / Pierre Pierre, 2009-2010. Installation.

> Jonas Staal, Freethinkers Space Continued, 2012. Maquette.

> Sille Storihle, The Stonewall Nation, 2014. Video.

> Oksana Shachko / Оксана Шачко, Untitled (Crucified Jesus with the Erection from Iconoclast series) / Без назви (Розіп’ятий Ісус з ерекцією з серії «Іконоборство»), 2016. Painting, tempera, egg yolk, gold leaf, wood, 33 x 23.5 cm.

> Jos De Gruyter & Harald Thys, White Suprematism, 2016. Drawing, ink, wood, cardboard, plexi, 147 x 147 cm.

> Nicoline van Harskamp, PDGN, 2016. Other.

> Nicoline van Harskamp, My Name is Language, 2018. Performance.

> Maryam Najd , Life of Faith, 2018. Painting.

> Sven Augustijnen, Imbéciles de tous les pays unissez-vous!, 2018. Other.

> Ibrahim Mahama, On Monumental Silences, 2018. Sculpture, rubber, 210 x 60 x 80 cm.

> Åsa Sonjasdotter, Cultivated Stories, 2019. Film.

> Vincent Meessen, How to Spin a Bad Yarn, 2020. Installation, cotton, wood, (4x) 305 x 70 cm.

> Public Movement , Imagine this museum is a country and in this country there is a museum, 2020. Other.

> Maryam Najd , Grand Bouquet II , 2020. Painting.

> Renzo Martens, White Cube, 2020. Audio and visual equipment, video.

> Haseeb Ahmed, Ummah HQ, 2020. Installation.

> Schoolstrijd artefacts from KADOC . Poster.

> The Deceived Testify. Concerning the Plight of Immigrants in Israel. Book, 16,5 x 10,5 cm.

> European Security - Problem No.1. Book, 16,5 x 10,5 cm.

> In a Close-knit Family of Nations. Book, 16,5 x 10,5 cm.

> Mass-Produced Reproductions of Soviet Paintings. Other.

> OSPAAAL Posters. Poster.

> Karl Hofer, Mannen aan tafel. Painting.

> Georg Grosz, Der Schriftsteller Walter Mehring. Painting.

> Himnos De Lucha. Other, vinyl, lp.

> V. Rimalov, "Economic Cooperation Between the USSR and Underdeveloped Countries". Book, 20 x 13 x 1 cm.

> Universal Declaration of Human Rights approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations, Paris, 10 December, 1948 . Other, paper, 16,5 x 23 cm.